Writing

batch files writing

Aug 07

adminWriting batch, programming, software, tools, windows No Comments

Writing UDFs for Firebird Embedded SQL Server

Written by:
Ivan Komarov,
Deputy Team Leader of Network Security Team

Table of content

1. Who may be interested
2. What is UDFs
3. What do you require
4. Sample project structure
5. About the sample
6. Creating UDFs-based binary data parser

• • UDFs Declaration
  • UDFs implementation
  • Using UDFs

1. Outside initialization
2. Conclusion

Who may be interested

This article was written mainly for developers who use Firebird Embedded SQL Server in .Net framework applications and want to speed up or optimize DB queries.

We will describe how to create your own native Firebird extension and show some approaches how to use it in managed code applications.

What is UDFs

User-defined functions (UDFs) are host-language programs for performing frequently needed tasks, supplementing built-in SQL functions such as MIN() and MAX(). UDFs are extensions to the Firebird server and execute as part of the server process. Another words UDFs are compiled functions and linked to a dynamically-linked library.

What do you require

To effectively read this article you need some advanced knowledge of C++, C# and Firebird SQL. Also you require having VS 2005 with C# and C++ installed to build sample. The sample already has “batteries inside”: all files required for Firebird embedded server and ADO.NET provider are placed in the sample’s Firebird folder and used in post-build event.

Sample project structure

.Firebird – folder with all files required for Firebird Embedded SQL Server
|? .include – folder with *.h files required for UDFs compiling
|? .lib – folder with static libraries required for UDFs linking
.MainApp – sample managed application
. SampleUdf – sample UDFs dll

About the sample

The sample project shows how to transfer binary data (BLOB) from one table using UDFs-based parser object to another table:

[Code from .MainAppbatch.sql]

 

CREATE TABLE "RowDataTable" (

"Id" INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY

"Value" BLOB

)

 

CREATE TABLE "FSTable" (

"Id" INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY

, "Name" VARCHAR(256)

, "FullPath" VARCHAR(256)

, "CreationTime" TIMESTAMP

, "Attributes" INTEGER

, "Size" BIGINT

)

Creating UDFs-based binary data parser

UDFs Declaration

Firebird SQL has following syntax to declare UDF:

DECLARE EXTERNAL FUNCTION name [datatype | CSTRING (int)

[, datatype | CSTRING (int) ...]]

RETURNS {datatype [BY VALUE] | CSTRING (int)} [FREE_IT]

[RETURNS PARAMETER n]

ENTRY_POINT 'entryname'

MODULE_NAME 'modulename';

Argument

Description

name

Name of the UDF to use in SQL statements; can be different from the name of the
function specified after the ENTRY_POINT keyword

datatype

Datatype of an input or return parameter
• All input parameters are passed to the UDF by reference
• Return parameters can be passed by value
• Cannot be an array element

RETURNS

Specifies the return value of a function. Pay attention that syntax does not allow to declare UDF that returns nothing

BY VALUE

Specifies that a return value should be passed by value rather than by reference

CSTRING (int)

Specifies the UDF that returns a null-terminated string int bytes in length

FREE_IT

Frees memory allocated for the return value after the UDF finishes running. This parameter should be used with ib_util_malloc memory allocation function in UDF implementation, It’s contained in:

• Header : ib_util.h
• Library: ib_util_ms.lib
• DLL: ib_util.dll

RETURNS PARAMETER n

Specifies that the function returns the nth input parameter; is required for returning
Blobs

'entryname'

Quoted string specifying the name of the UDF in the source code and as stored in
the UDF library

'modulename'

Quoted file specification identifying the dll that contains the UDF

All dlls with UDFs should be placed to UDF folder in the application root where fbembedded.dll  is stored. When declaration query is going for execution Firebird engine does not require UDF dll to be placed in UDF folder in that moment. But when executing some stored procedure creation query that contains UDF call engine will check required external function in dll.

Here are some UDF declaration examples from sample project:

[Code from .MainAppbatch.sql]

 

DECLARE EXTERNAL FUNCTION CreateParser

BLOB

RETURNS INTEGER BY VALUE

ENTRY_POINT 'SampleUdf_CreateParser' MODULE_NAME 'SampleUdf'

 

DECLARE EXTERNAL FUNCTION DestroyParser

INTEGER

RETURNS INTEGER BY VALUE

ENTRY_POINT 'SampleUdf_DestroyParser' MODULE_NAME 'SampleUdf'

 

DECLARE EXTERNAL FUNCTION GetName

INTEGER

RETURNS CSTRING(256)

ENTRY_POINT 'SampleUdf_GetName' MODULE_NAME 'SampleUdf'

 

DECLARE EXTERNAL FUNCTION GetCreationTime

INTEGER

RETURNS TIMESTAMP FREE_IT

ENTRY_POINT 'SampleUdf_GetCreationTime' MODULE_NAME 'SampleUdf'

 

DECLARE EXTERNAL FUNCTION GetSize

INTEGER

RETURNS BIGINT

ENTRY_POINT 'SampleUdf_GetSize' MODULE_NAME 'SampleUdf'

UDFs implementation

As you may guess, I’m using integer type parameter to send parser object that was created in SampleUdf.dll heap. With parser object everything is very simple:

[Code from .SampleUdfmain.cpp]

class SampleParser

{

std::vector<char> _buffer;

size_t _pathLen;

char * _name;

public:

SampleParser(std::vector<char> & buffer)

{

_buffer.swap(buffer);

char * path = (char*)&_buffer.at(0);

_pathLen = strlen(path);

if(_pathLen < 1 || _pathLen >= _buffer.size())

throw std::exception("Invalid buffer format");

_name = strrchr(path, '\');

if(!_name) _name = path;

else ++_name;

//ON_MESSAGE("--SampleParser created--")

}

~SampleParser()

{

//ON_MESSAGE("--SampleParser destroyed--")

}

char * GetName() { return _name; }

char * GetFullPath() { return (char*)&_buffer.at(0); }

__int64 * GetCreationTime() { return (__int64*)&_buffer.at(_pathLen + 1); }

int * GetAttributes() { return (int*)&_buffer.at(_pathLen + 1 + sizeof(__int64)); }

__int64 * GetSize() { return (__int64*)&_buffer.at(_pathLen + 1 +

sizeof(__int64) + sizeof(int)); }

};

The next UDF demonstrates how parser is created and also the work with BLOB data:

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) SampleParser * SampleUdf_CreateParser

(BLOBCALLBACK data)

{

try

{

std::vector<char> buffer(data->blob_total_length);

ISC_UCHAR * p = (ISC_UCHAR*)&buffer.front();

for(ISC_LONG i=0; i < data->blob_number_segments; ++i)

{

ISC_USHORT length = 0;

data->blob_get_segment(data->blob_handle, p, data->blob_max_segment, &length);

p+= length;

}

return new SampleParser(buffer);

}

catch(std::exception & ex)

{

ON_ERROR(ex.what());

}

catch(...)

{

ON_ERROR("Unknown error");

}

return 0;

}

And now let’s show how to use parser object. The following function also shows how to:

• convert FILETIME structure to Firebird TIMESTAMP
• use embedded server memory allocation, when you transfer memory ownership to the database engine

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) ISC_TIMESTAMP * SampleUdf_GetCreationTime(int * ptr)

{

try

{

SampleParser * self = (SampleParser*)(*ptr);

FILETIME localTime;

if(!::FileTimeToLocalFileTime((const FILETIME*)self->GetCreationTime(), &localTime))

return 0;

SYSTEMTIME st;

if(!::FileTimeToSystemTime(&localTime, &st))

return 0;

ISC_TIMESTAMP * timeStamp = (ISC_TIMESTAMP*)ib_util_malloc(sizeof(ISC_TIMESTAMP));

timeStamp->timestamp_time = (st.wHour * 3600000 + st.wMinute * 60000

+ st.wSecond * 1000 + st.wMilliseconds) * 10;

WORD day = st.wDay;

WORD month = st.wMonth;

WORD year = st.wYear;

//some magic calculations from ADO.NET Provider code

if (month > 2)

month -= 3;

else

{

month += 9;

year -= 1;

}

WORD c = year / 100;

WORD ya = year - 100 * c;

timeStamp->timestamp_date = ((146097 * c) / 4 + (1461 * ya) / 4

+ (153 * month + 2) / 5 + day + 1721119 - 2400001);

return timeStamp;

}

catch(std::exception & ex)

{

ON_ERROR(ex.what());

}

catch(...)

{

ON_ERROR("Unknown error");

}

return 0;

}

As you can see all input and output parameters in UDF implementations are pointers, except output parameters declared with BY VALUE modifier. But this modifier can be used not with all data types (for example it’s incompatible with TIMESTAMP, but compatible with BIGINT – it’s strange behavior for the types of the same size, isn’t it?)

Using UDFs

The next stored procedure demonstrates how to use created parser:

[Code from .MainAppbatch.sql]

CREATE PROCEDURE TransferData

RETURNS ("counter" INTEGER)

AS

DECLARE VARIABLE "tmp" INTEGER;

DECLARE VARIABLE "parserPtr" INTEGER;

DECLARE VARIABLE "Value" BLOB;

DECLARE VARIABLE "Name" VARCHAR(256);

DECLARE VARIABLE "FullPath" VARCHAR(256);

DECLARE VARIABLE "CreationTime" TIMESTAMP;

DECLARE VARIABLE "Attributes" INTEGER;

DECLARE VARIABLE "Size" BIGINT;

BEGIN

"counter" = 0;

FOR SELECT "Value" FROM "RowDataTable" INTO :"Value" DO BEGIN

SELECT CreateParser(:"Value") FROM rdb$database INTO :"parserPtr";

IF ("parserPtr" IS NOT NULL) THEN BEGIN

SELECT GetName(:"parserPtr") FROM rdb$database INTO :"Name";

SELECT GetFullPath(:"parserPtr") FROM rdb$database INTO :"FullPath";

SELECT GetCreationTime(:"parserPtr") FROM rdb$database INTO :"CreationTime";

SELECT GetAttributes(:"parserPtr") FROM rdb$database INTO :"Attributes";

SELECT GetSize(:"parserPtr") FROM rdb$database INTO :"Size";

"tmp" = GEN_ID("FSTable_Generator", 1);

INSERT INTO "FSTable" ("Id", "Name", "FullPath", "CreationTime",

"Attributes", "Size")

VALUES (:"tmp", :"Name", :"FullPath", :"CreationTime", :"Attributes", :"Size");

"counter" = "counter" + 1;

 

SELECT DestroyParser(:"parserPtr") FROM rdb$database INTO :"tmp";

END

END

SUSPEND;

END

About strange form of calling :

SELECT <UDF_Name>(<Parameters_List>) FROM rdb$database INTO <Output_parameter>

It’s the only way to make it working in embedded dll server

Outside initialization

Thanks to the windows caching there is a possibility to load and initialize UDFs dll before it is loaded by Firebird database engine. In my sample I used this possibility to make some useful callbacks:

[Code from .MainAppSampleProvider.cs]

private delegate void MessageCallbackDelegate(

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string message);

private static MessageCallbackDelegate messageCallback;

private static MessageCallbackDelegate errorCallback;

[DllImport("udf/SampleUdf")]

private static extern void RegisterCallbacks(MessageCallbackDelegate

messageCallback, MessageCallbackDelegate errorCallback);

static SampleProvider()

{

messageCallback = MessageCallback;

errorCallback = ErrorCallback;

RegisterCallbacks(messageCallback, errorCallback);

}

[Code from .SampleUdfmain.cpp]

typedef void (__stdcall * FCallback)(const char * message);

FCallback g_messageCallback = 0;

FCallback g_errorCallback = 0;

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#define ON_MESSAGE(mess) { if(g_messageCallback) g_messageCallback(mess); }

#define ON_ERROR(mess) { if(g_errorCallback) g_errorCallback(mess); }

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void RegisterCallbacks(FCallback messageCallback,

FCallback errorCallback)

{

g_messageCallback = messageCallback;

g_errorCallback = errorCallback;

}

And when Firebird database engine will try to load UDFs dll it will use your already loaded and initialized library.

Conclusion

So with this article you see, how process shared address namespace allows you to use native or managed objects in you UDFs.

Download source code.

About the Author

Apriorit is an Ukrainian software development company.

Apriorit develops its own products as well as provide offshore development and QA services in the areas of advanced system programming, driver development, software for devices.

One of the key values of Apriorit's specialists is knowledge generation and sharing of experience.

Learn more about Apriorit and its experience at Apriorit Official site

Batch Files Tutorial - Tips #1

center writing code

Aug 07

adminWriting ajax, center writing code for myspace, design, programming, web2.0, webdesign No Comments

The Da Vinci Code and the Holy Grail

The Da Vinci Code, a best seller, has earned considerable attention in recent days. The argument is in medieval theories, legends and traditions woven into a postmodern thriller novel with political overtones.

The novel also makes some very serious direct attacks in the Christian faith. Let me emphasize the word "novel" because it is clearly a work of fiction and not fact.

Any serious student examining this book draws the conclusion that it is pure speculation based on little evidence. uninformed readers, however, are deceived by this book and some people even promote it as a truth. It is therefore necessary to counter their mistakes.

The plot of the book focuses on the unproven assumption that Jesus married Mary Magdalene and fathered a son who became part of the French monarchy. This story was allegedly suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church over the centuries.

The book also argues that the Holy Grail is the chalice that was used at the Last Supper, but that is the body of Mary Magdalene. I should point out that the Bible does not use the term "Holy Grail" much less define it as the chalice used in the First Communion at the Last Supper. The empowerment for the cup was made much later in the legends made in medieval times.

The novel also denies the divinity blasphemous (divinity) of Christ. Argues that the doctrine of the deity of Christ did not originate with Christ Himself but was introduced later and Constantine called the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD to enforce it.

It is also stated in The Da Vinci Code that Christ was deified as part of an attempt to assert male dominance and suppress goddess worship. feminist victimization is a major theme underlying this book is a political subtext. It's called Da Vinci Code, and Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519) was supposedly a believer and propagator of the Mary Magdalene as Jesus' wife rumor.

The New Testament records that Jesus openly claimed to be divine. (See John 5:23, 8:58, 10:30.) The Apostles, written under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, also affirmed that Jesus was and is divine. He is equal with God the Father. (See John 1:1,14, Titus 2:13, Hebrews 1:6-8.)

Only Jesus as God in the flesh was willing to die for the sins of all people. The early church leaders who came after of the apostles continued to teach the deity of Christ. To say or suggest that other or Constantine invented the doctrine of the deity of Christ in order to promote a patriarchal system is as ridiculous as it is anti-historical.

Christ came to die for the sins of all people. He, in His great love and mercy, took upon himself the punishment because of all the people for our sins. The name "Immanuel," a title of Christ, means "God with us."

Part of the reason The Da Vinci Code denies the deity of Christ is based on the Gnostic gospels to strengthen their claims. A large number of manuscripts were found Gnostic Gospels in a clay jar in Nag Hammadi Egypt in 1945.

Among the group of Nag Hamadi manuscripts was the so-called Gospel of Thomas and the so-called Gospel of Philip. Since these manuscripts are dated anywhere from 150 AD until the third or fourth centuries of our era, no scholar, not even the most liberal as regards actually having been written by Philip Thomas or the New Testament.

Dr. Erwin Lutzer of Moody Church in Chicago, Illinois writes about the Gnostic gospels: "These Gnostic Gospels are not historical, and even anti-historical, which contains no narration bit and have no sense of chronology. Despise the belief that God had come in the flesh. . . These documents are not intended to actually overlap with the canonical gospels. They are full of quotations from the New Testament many maimed along with many sayings fools who put in the mouth of Jesus "(page 9 of the booklet by Dr. Lutzer rumors about Jesus: the Jesus of The Da Vinci Code).

Sandra Miesel, writing in the Catholic newsletter says the crisis in the Da Vinci Code "Blasphemy is delivered in a soft voice."

The statement that Jesus married Mary Magdalene is a wild speculation, unsupported biblical and ironically very little support even in the medieval legend and tradition. Those who deny the deity of Christ commit the sin of blasphemy and separated from Christ. I pray that people do not be fooled by "The Da Vinci Code.

About the Author

Bill Nugent has written many articles on Christianity, philosophy and science. He has also written books that give Bible based teaching on sanctification and that caution against the error of legalism. His books are available at his website www.gracelawandsonship.com.

Enlightened Trial and Error: Gaining Insight Through New Tools

writing service contracts

Jul 19

adminWriting business, freelance, jobs, outsourcing, programming No Comments

Janitorial Service Contract Samples – Putting Together A Profit-Pulling Cleaning Service Contract

I have come across some contractors that start off with a new account with a “handshake”. But then, it would be better on your part to go in for some sort of writing. In other words, you need to go in for some sort of an agreement. If you aren’t quite sure about how to write an agreement then you may check out the various janitorial service contract samples available online.

By going through the Janitorial service contract samples you will get an idea on how to start off with the written contract. The importance of a written contract is too many to name. Think for yourself…you discuss some issues with your client but then the entire episode is a verbal one and there’s no proof of your discussion. Hence, in order to make the entire episode a professional touch or rather to maintain a documentary proof you need to go through the Janitorial service contract samples followed by writing your personal one.

Out of the tens and thousands of Janitorial service contract samples available online I have included a Janitorial service contract sample that will help you understand the terms and conditions with care prior to making a move.

To begin with, a contract is defined a legal term that is more commonly referred to as Agreement and Terms. Well, I guess this sound much more gentlemanly, comfortable, and at the same time less threatening. You need to mention any sort of information pertaining to your insurance in the agreement.

You need to also include details about any sort of monthly charge. However, if you go through the Janitorial service contract samples clearly then you will also find that information about when the customer will get the monthly invoice and the expected time of payment is also included in the contract. To help you with the cash flow, there are many contractors who prefer billing at the starting of each month. If you too have a similar sort of an opinion then make sure you include this detail in the agreement.

If you charge any amount for a late payment ensure including it in the agreement together with the rate of interest charged as well as the time from which it will be taken into effect. It would be great if you print the finance information on your invoice. States differ on the amount of finance charged hence make sure you make the necessary investigations prior to making a move.

If you go through the Janitorial service contract samples carefully, you will find that the agreement includes a termination clause. In case the customer fails to adhere to the one month written termination clause the janitorial contract is present to the court. I agree that are some contractors who don’t prefer enforcing this policy but then there are some who are extremely stringent about this.

The bottom line is that before you go in for any kind of decision make sure that you carry out a thorough research and find out some good Janitorial service contract samples prior to creating your personal one.

About the Author

Need a Janitorial Service Contract ? Discover the easy client-getting method for your janitorial business and plan your janitorial service business plan to perfection. Make BIG money in your own janitorial business using my quick start janitorial cleaning business client-getting formula now at: http://www.StartYourCleaningBusiness.com

IT Service Level Agreement Tips for Getting Great Clients

make writing larger

Jun 28

adminWriting c#, development, how to make writing larger on myspace, literature, programming, Writing No Comments

How to Make Money With Free Blogs

Blogging for dollars is quickly becoming a profitable venture. More and more people are finding out that utilizing a blog to generate a stream of income is fast, easy and cheap. There is plenty of information about using a blog in order to make money and you can be one of those people that are making money from writing information about their area of expertise.

The Various Ways to Generate Multiple Streams of Income

The most common way that bloggers generate income from their blogs is with Adsense, Chitika's eMiniMalls, Text Link Ads and WidgetBucks to name a few of the more popular advertising options. You can also utilize BlogAds which is one of the first ad networks specifically geared to blogs.

Having a business to sponsor you allows merchants to advertise directly on your blog. There are more bloggers exploring the possibilities of sponsoring with advertisers. You may also find a business that will pay you to write specific content on your blog as well.

The Beauty of Affiliate Programs

Joining or beginning an affiliate program is one terrific way to generate a stream of income from your blogs. There are literally hundreds of affiliate programs you can explore. Partnering with businesses that are comparable to your area of expertise can be profitable for you both.

Seminars, Courses and E-Books

Many bloggers are beginning to develop digital assets that will support their blogs and add streams of revenue. Bloggers who are confident in their area of expertise are increasingly writing e-books and offering seminars and courses that are run by them. In this way you can pass along what you know to aid others in making money, and make a profit for yourself at the same time.

Exploring Opportunities from Blog Networks

With the increasing popularity of blogs, there has been a huge rise in networks that cater to bloggers. Blog networks can aid you in creating a profitable blog for yourself or help you to connect and partner with other bloggers. If you have a flair for writing, you can write for other blogs if you don't have your own. Though it may be tough to find a writing job with some of the larger networks, there are always people looking for bloggers to join their network. They typically pay their bloggers using an assortment of models for payment. It is not uncommon to find a blogger that writes not only for themselves, but for other blog networks for the added income.

Bloggers for Hire

More and more businesses are seeing the advantage to having a blog for their goods and services. Many of the companies have people within their company to do their writing, but many more are looking to hire bloggers to provide them with interesting and unique content that will drive traffic to their sites. There are plenty of sites where you can find blog work if you are determined to find it.

Bloggers in the Print Media

Becoming more common these days is newspapers, non-blog websites and magazines that are looking for good writers. Bloggers have plenty of experience writing and many of them are proud to have published a book. Writing for print media is far more profitable than just writing for the internet. You can easily find yourself with your article published in a major newspaper or magazine.

Ask for Donations

It is not uncommon to find a blog with a donation button or a tip jar these days. One such blogger was able to leave his job and become a blogger full time all because of the donations from his readership. More bloggers are able to blog full time after they have conducted a drive for fund raising.

Flip Your Blog

Just as in the real estate market, there are buyers who flip houses for a profit; you can do the same with your blog. Not only can this be done on an individual level, but it can be done on a network level as well. If your blog generates a lot of traffic and has a good affiliate program in place, you can easily sell your blog to someone who wants to break into the business without having to worry about the set up.

Start Merchandising

There are a number of blogs and bloggers that have almost a cult following. These bloggers advertise branded merchandise for their readers to purchase. This can be anything from T-shirts, mugs or pens. Though the smaller blogs may not find this as profitable as larger blogs, it may be something you might want to look into.

About the Author

If you want to retire early then you need to learn how to make money online. Also, check out this cool system that made me $474 in one day. It's called Easy Formula For Profits.

New Oblique Penholder Available from Paper & Ink Arts

writing bug

Jun 22

adminWriting bug, development, programming, software, tools, writing bug free c code, writing bug reports, writing bugs No Comments

Vs owners. Renters: Who pays when bedbugs invade?

When bed bugs invade an apartment, who calls the exterminator and who pays? The enigma in the emerging field of law are bug bites landlords against tenants and filling court records.

The recently introduced legislation in the New Jersey Legislature as the bill 3203 would require landlords to assume full financial burden of the fight against bed bugs, making the sole responsibility of annual inspections, distributing and displaying educational material created by the State, the immediate treatment of bed bug infestations reported and maintain an environment free of bugs around the apartment building or complex. Similar bills are under consideration in other states.

Citing the national increase 500% of bedbug infestations and calling the common bed bug "a public nuisance," Bill 3203 states that "it is a question of public welfare to protect the health of New Jersey citizens of this pest. "Noting that the owners of multiple dwellings are" in the best position to coordinate the extermination bedbug infestations in the multiple dwelling, "the bill directs:" Each owner of a multiple dwelling should be responsible, at its expense, for the maintenance of a multiple dwelling free of infestation of bedbugs. "Owners who do not act, a $ 300 per infested apartment and $ 1,000 per infested common area. Local boards of health have the power to act for and bill unresponsive landlords. (You can read the full text of the bill in New Jersey in 3203 Stern Environmental website.)

Given the exponential increase in bedbug infestations nationally, homeowners are wary of the potential financial impact of this legislation. In New York, the bed bug complaints jumped from 1839 in 2005 to 8830 in 2008. Violations issued by the Department of Preservation and Development Housing increased from 366 to 2757 over the same period. New York and New Jersey are the owners apartment legally responsible to provide pest control for tenants. It is the responsibility of the owner of the apartment to provide tenants with a living environment pest-free. That was not always so. Since the 1908 case of Jacobs v. Morand, tenants had been legally obligated to pay the rent, even if the bugs had made their apartment inhabitable. That changed in 2004 with Ludlow Properties, LLC v. Young when Judge Cyril Bedford ruled in favor of a frustrated tenant who had refused to pay the rent for six months due to a persistent bed bug problem, writing:

"Although bedbugs are classified as vermin, they are different ... mice and cockroaches, which, although offensive, has no effect on one's life as bedbugs do not feed on blood at night, turning a treasured it that is supposed to be bed rest or sleep in a hellish experience. "

Today, tenants seem to be winning the war lawsuit against the owners, but it is a hard struggle. When bed bug infestations discovered, tenants and landlords point the finger of blame at each other. "It gets back to the question of responsibility, "said attorney Ronald Languedoc." In law, the party asserts a claim usually has a burden of proof. I think it is probably difficult to locate where, exactly, are and how they got there. "

Under current New York and New Jersey law, owners apartments have the responsibility and the financial cost of providing housing that is free of rats, roaches, and now free of the bed free of errors. By liquidity problems apartment owners, there is the problem. Rats, cockroaches and other vermin are attracted by garbage and unclean conditions. The connection to proper maintenance efficient garbage collection and regular pest control is obvious. The cost of regular maintenance is an expected part of managing an apartment building. As electric water and other utility costs, these costs are calculated monthly rental payments and recover.

Bed bugs are an entirely different problem. Bedbugs are not attracted by dirt. They are insects of convenience like lice and fleas. These tiny insects crawl from one infected person to another. They set up house near beds and in bedrooms, hidden in cracks and crevices during the day and crawling through the night to feed on the blood of their unsuspecting prey - humans. The size of an apple seed, bed bugs multiply quickly and are expert travelers. You can get through contact with an infected person, by visiting his home, brushing clothing, standing next to him or borrowing his belongings. You can get bed bugs, sitting in a seat vacated by an infected person only in a Subway, a park bench, taxi or plane. Since not all people react to bites from bed bug, people often spread bed bugs without even knowing they have them.

These pests can get into an apartment in someone's clothes, suitcases and backpacks, in the creases of storage boxes, in cracks and crevices used furniture, the upholstery of a sofa and mattresses hire reformed. Apartment owners have no control over what attracts bed bugs or how small annoying bugs into the building. You can understand their reluctance to take responsibility for a problem that they created and have no control over. But that is exactly As housing legislation requires them to do. Particularly galling are the restrictions in New York and taking into account in Jersey City and New Jersey state legislature prevent the passage of the owners of apartments along the often heavy costs of eliminating bed bug infestations to their tenants.

The life cycle and habits of life of bed bugs only confuse the issue. A female bed bug can produce up to 500 eggs during its life span of a year, laying about five eggs per day. Moving through five nymphal stages, bed bugs reach maturity in just five to eight weeks. They nibble on their human prey at night, the power for up to 10 minutes every three to five days. Small insects are often mistaken for other pests and mosquito bites or stings spider. Not all people react to their bites which look like raised, red welts and many do not react (itching is typical) for several days after being bitten. Some people are so ashamed, be no infestation or useless to try to treat it with Raid. At the moment the problem is detected or reported, an infestation may have developed considerably.

Often, by the time they are identified, bed bugs have spread to other units in a building and the original guilty can be difficult to identify. Because bed bugs spread easily through wall voids, elevator shafts, plumbing and ducts cables, and conduits for heating and cooling units next door and the floors above and below an infested unit are also likely to be infested. Treatment of a unit can only send bed bugs scurrying to find new living quarters. Even vacant apartments are not safe as bed bugs can survive one to seven months without a blood meal.

Eliminating bed bugs in an apartment building multiple units can be a nightmare for all and an unexpected financial burden for the owner. Because of the many variables involved - the need for tenant cooperation, minute errors and numerous hiding places and tendency to spread quickly and easily - multiple pest control treatments in a period of time are needed to completely eradicate insects the bed of an apartment building. Apartment owners are asked to assume the financial burden without remuneration, sometimes without essential tenant cooperation, and without guarantee that the whole mess will not happen again. It is not difficult to understand why apartment owners feel the new bed bug laws are unfair.

About the Author

Douglas Stern is the managing partner of Stern Environmental Group and a bed bug extermination expert. His firm serves commercial and residential clients in New Jersey, New York City, New York, and Connecticut. His firm is located at 100 Plaza Drive in Secaucus, New Jersey. You can reach him toll free at 1-888-887-8376. Please visit us on the Web at www.SternEnvironmental.com.

Destiny's Child - Bug A Boo | HQ MUSIC VIDEO | "The Writing's On The Wall" | 1999 |

java writing desk

Jun 19

adminWriting programming, reference, software, tools, web2.0 No Comments

Work at Home Tips for Stress Free Holidays and Beyond

Do you know what is the most vital aspect of your business? Sure that awesome new digital devise you ordered for Christmas, which will REVOLUTIONIZE your office once you figure it out is fabulous. And that new phone that allows you connect to cyberspace anywhere you go is awesome. But none of these would matter one bit if the person running the show were to get sick and not be able to work. Even for a month or two if you were disabled, can you imagine the consequences? So what's the most valuable aspect of your business? Right, you are.

At any stage of your business, whether you just opened shop, or have a full client base established, it's so important to remember this. You need to keep yourself in good physical health in order to have enough energy to run a successful business and home life. But how? There's so much to do, and so little time to do it.

Here are a few tips that you might find beneficial:

1. Get enough sleep. Especially now with holiday parties, client and family gifts to buy, extra work and personal responsibilities, etc. Remember that even though you could go on 4 hours sleep at one time, you probably can't do it now, so don't try. A good night's sleep makes everything feel better.

2. Have a schedule to follow and stick to it as much as possible. Avoid unnecessary interruptions, including constant e-mail checking.

3. Create boundaries, both work-related and personal boundaries. You can't do it all and once you start saying no, you'll be amazed how truly awesome it feels. And how great your business runs.

4. Exercise. Not again you're saying! But it's so true how much better you will feel and how much more energy you will have. How about just a small walk in between projects? Get to the gym. Plan to go before you start your Christmas shopping. You're feel more energized and good about yourself.

5. Get out of the office and do your work whenever possible. I do a lot of writing and proofing as an author and publicist. Instead of sitting in the office, I take it the local coffee shop, bookstore, library, outside patio, beach, etc. It feels great to have a change of pace. A good cup of java and I'm good to go.

6. Prepare a healthy lunch and snack the night before, just like you do for the kids. You'll be amazed how good it feels to stop and eat a pre-made salad or sandwich.

7. Stretch in your chair for stress relief and more energy. This is a great help for me. I will also at times sit on an exercise ball instead of my chair. That enables me to stretch my muscles and also just feel like I'm getting away from my desk, even thought I'm right there. The exercise ball makes it more fun, so I'm more productive.

8. Take small vacations to get away. Plan a Friday, Saturday, Sunday vacation.

9. Take weekends and evenings off. It's so easy to get caught up working 24/7. But when you take this time off, you feel so much more energized.

10. Watch your budget. During the holidays many businesses experience a time when business is slower than usual. Plan ahead for this or watch your spending closely to avoid added stress.

And remember it's a learning process. No one's perfect. One of the greatest gifts I did learn was to no longer beat myself up so much. So what if I didn't do it all today. So what if my house didn't pass a white glove test today or ever. I Really Enjoy Life Today -- I Enjoy My Business --- And I Really Enjoy My Family Too.

Hope you enjoy these tips. Stop by our site for more tips and free goodies on how to run your business more successfully and achieve the best in everything you do.

About the Author

Diana Ennen is the President of Virtual Word Publishing, http://www.virtualwordpublishing.com and Virtual Assistant Startups. http://www.virtualassistantstartups.com . Ennen is the author of several books including Virtual Assistant ' The Series: Become a Highly Successful, Sought After VA (available at Amazon); Corel WordPerfect Office Ready Virtual Assistant Solution Pack (http://www.corel.com ) Articles are free to be reprinted as long as the author's bio remains intact.

w960i / P1i = iphone - like - but just the desk

horror writing techniques

May 28

adminWriting art, blog, design, development, programming No Comments

Three Tips to Write an Effective Internet Advertisement

I am sure you have seen thousands upon thousands of Internet ads for anything and everything. Of course you have more than likely seen your share of terrible Internet ads and the really good ones.

In this article I am going to give three points on what makes up a good Internet ad so you can use it in your marketing strategies.

Start with a hook. A hook, (just like in fishing) is the piece of the Internet ad that catches the readers attention. In the case of your Internet advertisement, it is the headline. A bad headline would be, "Look inside to learn how to make a million dollars in ten minutes". This headline suggests something so unrealistic, no one, and I mean not even the most desperate of people would investigate further. However, "Educational program teaches you how to increase your income", is a much better way of writing the hook. Everyone is looking to increase their income, everyone knows education is a good way of doing that, and it also suggests that it is teaching you how to do it.

Now that the person is "hooked", you need to keep their interest. If you are doing an Internet ad with mostly text, you can use a technique called "salting". Salting is a way to keep the readers interest by telling them of some information and then letting them know you will give the rest to them later. For example, "Our cleaning process uses three steps to ensure the job is done right. In a moment, we will describe what they are, but right now we want to...", you get the point. Now the reader of the Internet ad is curious as to what those three steps are and will continue to read the Internet ad until they read that information. Continually "salting" in your Internet ad, will keep the reader interested to the end.

If you are using pictures, keep in mind a picture is worth a thousand words, but a bad picture will ruin your Internet advertisement and possibly your business. If you are a hair stylist and you are promoting your business and you use a picture of someone for their hair style, yet the picture shows something you would see on a monster in horror flick, chances are, you won`t get too many responses. Choose your photo wisely.

Now that you have the reader`s interest until the very end, you have to close the deal. Closing the deal is the hardest of the three steps, in my opinion, to effective Internet advertising. Without a good close, all of the previous work mentioned is for naught. To "close" the deal, you need to give the reader something to do. For example, "Contact us today and receive 10% towards your next cleaning". This would obviously be followed with a phone number, email, web page, or whatever it is you are trying to get them to respond to. Your reader must be given a way to reach out and obtain the product or service you just advertised about.

If you want to increase your response rate of your Internet advertisement or promotion these 3 steps alone should do it.

By: Bruce A. Tucker

About the Author

About the Author:
Bruce A. Tucker is the Associate Director of http://www.Indocquent.com. http://www.Indocquent.com is an online resource that allows businesses and individuals to post their products and services for sale in 20,000 cities throughout 200 countries around the world free of charge.

Constructing Horror - horror writing

dvd writing errors

Apr 01

adminWriting design, development, programming, reference, webdesign No Comments

Basic Features Of dvd writers

DVD is no doubt a very popular tool for watching movies or listening to music. Nowadays availing a film to view at your home has become very easy. You just need to go to a DVD parlor and take one on rent. You can even buy your favorite DVD from brick and mortar shops or even online selling sites. There is another way to get movies now. Just copy the movie to DVD from another DVD or from the hard disc of your computer. To opt for this latter option you need a DVD writer.

DVD writer is a device that enables you to copy a specific content from one destination to another destination. DVD writers are usually attached to the computer. It has got a ROM. This specific ROM is called a DVD ROM.

There are different types of DVD writers available in the market now. All of them offer different features. Some DVD writers are attached with the DVD ROMs. That means the computer only contains one ROM, which is made for both the functions.

The other types of DVD writers are not attached with the DVD ROMs. They have a separate ROM. One is for running the DVD and the other one is for writing it. There are other interesting features of DVD writers. You will see some of them below.

The tracks that DVDs use are very small. They are 0.74 microns wide, which are pretty much smaller than the CDs. Their modulation is very much sophisticated and the methods of their error correction are also very good. As they have got sophisticated features, they are even able to support compact disc format in their system.

There are two kinds of DVDs. One is single layer and the other is double layer. Single layer DVD has a storage capability of 4.7 GB and the double layer DVD has 9.4 GB.

DVD writers are capable of storing video clips, which have varying qualities. If they are used for corporate videos, then they can be distributed and authored inexpensively and easily. If any production company from outside is given the same job, then the whole cost will shoot up. DVD writers have some other classifications also such as external DVD writers and internal DVD writers. These two types of writers again have different features.

External DVD writers do not need to be attached to the computer. This type of DVD writer is easy to handle because it does not need the personal computer to install the system. Therefore it is very much suitable for the novice. This system is suitable for those who want to use the writer for multiple machines.

The good feature of internal DVD writers is that they do not take too much space. It is also relatively cheaper than the external one. DVD writers offer you a very fast speed of writing. The writing speed is quicker than that of CD writers.

In most of the cases the DVD writer companies offer a huge range of software at the time of purchasing. It will be an added benefit for the customer.

About the Author

Victor Epand is an expert consultant for used DVDs, used movies, and used car stereos. You can find the best marketplace for used DVDs, used movies, and used car stereos at these sites for DVD, DVD ROMs, Single layer DVDs, used movies, and used car stereos.

CD drive or the DVD drive not visible under My Computer

technical writing certification

Mar 28

adminWriting development, programming, reference, technical writing certification boston, technical writing certification courses, technical writing certification georgia, technical writing certification online, technical writing certifications, web, webdesign No Comments

Biotechnology Certificate and training programs offered by the Colleges and Universities

Certificate and Training Programs

Many communities and colleges, as well as some colleges and universities, provide biotechnology training and short-term certificate programs, AA and BA degrees. Some universities also offer graduate certification program. Here are some of the institutions offering training and certificate programs:

California State University, Hayward (CSUH) - Biotechnology Certificate Program (BCP) - The Biotechnology Certificate Program (BCP) was established in CSUH in 1986 to meet the staffing needs of the rapidly expanding Bay Area biotechnology industry. The program was among the first in California to provide an integrated series of courses in molecular life sciences leading to a certificate. CSUH presents two new programs of study in bioinformatics and Regulatory Affairs. The program is offered in Bioinformatics night and Regulatory Affairs program is completely online and is offered in partnership with San Diego State University.

California State University, Los Angeles - Biotechnology (Post-baccalaureate) Certificate Program - This graduate certificate program provides theoretical support and training in the laboratory techniques and the application of genetic engineering and related technologies. It is aimed at students who have earned a bachelor's degree or equivalent in biological or biochemical sciences but who have little or no experience in genetic engineering.

Columbia University Teachers College - Certificate of Reducing Health Disparities - This program online or in person on the certificate of Reducing Health Disparities is offered jointly by the Department of Behavioral Studies in Education Program for Health and the Center for Educational Outreach and Innovation at Teachers College, Columbia University, this program is aimed at professionals with varied exhibition share an interest in knowledge, attitudes and beliefs and knowledge as a central sight in the task of working to reduce health disparities. On the basis of their professional and academic areas or preexisting those admitted will have a minimum a BA or BS degree. These professionals include but are not limited to allied health professionals, social workers, health and related professionals advice, researchers, teachers, doctors and health and school administrators working in an urban environment, in particular, as well as others around the country seeking opportunities for distance learning.

Indiana University School of Medicine - Graduate Certificate in Biotechnology is designed to train technicians to work in research laboratories related to industrial health, including the IU School of Medicine. Students also have access to basic services in the IUSM gene expression analysis, genotyping, protein expression, animal testing, proteomics, image research and analysis of cells.

Ivy Tech Community College-Bloomington - Biotechnology Program Program - Ivy Tech Community College of Biotechnology curriculum is designed to provide an educational opportunity for students who wish to take the careers of Biotechnology and technical baseline.

Ohio State Agricultural Technical Institute, OH - Ohio State ATI has a wide range of programs in agriculture: horticulture, zoology, science Crop, environmental sciences and engineering technologies. They have the largest number of agricultural graduates 2 years of the nation.

Central Seattle Community College - Biotechnology Training Program - Training Program in Biotechnology prepares students for entry-level employment as automata and is approved by the university-based industry Biotechnology Advisory Committee and the State of Washington. Classes in the program include cell biology, microbiology, genetics, immunology, chemistry, computer applications, technical writing, applied mathematics, and laboratory hands-on training in biotechnology techniques and media and solution preparation.

University of California, San Diego - UCSD Extension - Professional and Certified Specials Specialization in Biotechnology - San Diego biotechnology, pharmaceutical and marine industries are major growth sectors in the economy of California. UCSD Extension offers a wide range of courses and certificate programs to meet the continuing education needs of life sciences community, the high-level support skills development for industry professionals and career transition for those interested in entering the field of biotechnology.

University of California, Irvine - The Medical Product Development Certificate program is designed for engineers, scientists, regulatory professionals, managers, doctors, and marketing and sales professionals involved in the medical products industry (professionals with advanced degrees or those with a degree associate). Clinical Laboratory Science / Medical Technology (CLS / MT) Training Program is a full-time one-year educational program leading to a career in medical diagnostic laboratory. Outreach Program at UC Irvine has been designed to meet the growing need for professional learning that ensures the design and implementation of clinical trials for success. The development program of medical products designed to meet the need of comprehensive learning the successful professional design, development and supply of medical devices, pharmaceuticals and other biomedical products.

University College Community of Hawaii, Kapi'olani Community College - Curriculum include Assisiting medical, Medical Laboratory Technician, Occupational Therapy Assistant, Pharmacy Technician, Radiologic Technology, Physical Therapy Assistant and Respiratory Care Technician. The offerings include the Associate Degree Nursing program Nursing (Y) for the Licensed Practical Nurse Transition Program registry nurse.

San Diego State University Department of Biology: Certificate in Biotechnology - San Diego State Program of biotechnology training is designed to introduce undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students and technicians for the state of the art techniques used in molecular biological research laboratories, as well as to qualify beneficiaries certificates for employment in various sectors of the biotechnology arena.

University of California at Santa Cruz - Certificate Program in Biotechnology Applied and Natural Sciences Department - UCSC Extension appreciated Biotechnology Certificate Program was developed to meet the needs of industry for professionals who are knowledgeable about the fundamental principles and updated on the latest technologies. If you are a scientist or other professional motivated the discipline (computer science, engineering, business, legal, financial, project management, and regulatory), this program is designed to help to develop sound science and industry understanding to develop their career in the biopharmaceutical field.
Certificate Contact: Science Natural and Applied Department, (408) 861-3860, or e-mail program@ucsc-extension.edu.

University of Rhode Island Certification Programs - Biotechnology Initiative Training Courses and Seminars - Short courses and seminars ranging from half day to four full days are offered in various areas of operations and management of biotechnology, biomanufa