Friends do not let friends buy centers a% 5 1 / 2 CAP
It's time to Las Vegas again (God, time goes fast when you're winning money) and 40,000 + + + of our closest friends gather to wheel, deal and have a great time to eat, drink and be merry be. What a fantastic business we are in, attention to eating, drinking and playing (either on your property or in the tables).
I "think" this is my 35th convention (very old) and while the current shows are not as fun or as wild as the conventions 30 years ago (but then again, I'm not as funny and wild as it was 30 years ago) are more productive, we all know what we are doing, or at least I believe, 30 years ago as winged. Most of you get to the scene every Sunday or Monday morning and leave sometime on Tuesday a loss in my opinion, you can stay until Wednesday to make the show more productive for all participants and increase the likelihood of a deal. I write this every year and every year the show is devastating on Wednesday after 11, so some things never change.
O Thus, from 2006 until now, has been an excellent year for all involved. In addition, the sample has been growing regional dealmaking faster than in the past, attendance increases of ten percent or more are not uncommon (I guess a 7% to 10% increase in Vegas, and had given 40,000 attendees last year that is a big increase) and some programs have had a 25% increase. The only negative on the horizon is the apparent slowdown in the lease.
This is a brand-or-break show for retailers and developers who need to open additional stores by Christmas 2006. If you can not get on the fast track at the end of this month it is likely that no store was open until 2007. In fact, the vast majority of offerings are 2006 and facts, which opened a few retailers to buy the rest of the year. But there are always a few stragglers who either need or want, another agreement for this year, so if they have places (and is there not much around) this is the time and place of hustle, otherwise the arrangements here are set to open in 2007.
I have to give credit leasing agents for being aggressive when it comes to scheduling meetings for the show. During the past month, I've been bombarded with emails and phone calls trying to set up meetings. In most cases, I refused, since the projects offered were not of interest to our customers. All the world is trying to fill their dance cards so they can impress the boss, but the meeting for the sake of a meeting does not make sense to me. Of course, if they were really smart he would leave a couple of hours every day just walking the show, making core networks and see what is new rather than spending unnecessary time in meetings unproductive. This year will be easier to come, when the convention will double in size and most of the exhibitors and attendees get lost or confused by the large size of the exhibition hall. Yes, having a larger exhibition area will benefit all, but I personally prefer to buy Ace Hardware for Home Depot, because the size is easier to maneuver. Of course I'm not as good of a selection, but sometimes I'm lazy.
Ranting the ... I will not go into detail Molinos Company and its problems, as we have all heard and read what is going on with that REIT (and probably more when will this be published), but I will comment on the desire of the mill to mix entertainment with retail, which seems to be working or in less profitable (and in a capitalist enterprise, if not profitable does not work). If you look at the history of entertainment in shopping centers, is a checkered past, mixed with a large number failures, whether Discovery Zone, Jeepers, indoor skate parks, roller coasters, or whatever, or the fact that the cinemas have been in and out of the projects are sold for over 20 years. One more year, the developers think theaters should be included in the mixture of a center next year are buried in the back without the viability (the only way theaters could become profitable was by the bankruptcy a few years ago).
Few entertainment complex that combines work conventional retail and I think that will change in the near future. The difference today from when I rinks wheel centers 30 years ago is that the costs And the stakes are considerably higher. When I made an agreement rink 30 years ago, the rent is usually under $ 4 GROSS and that was for a box of vanilla. Today At present, the factory project in northern New Jersey will cost one billion dollars to develop and no one knows if the entertainment aspect is the attraction and profitable as projected. Today it is not unusual entertainment development next mixed-use baseball parks, where costs run in the hundreds of millions of dollars, and again I do not think that works. (Of course, if you can convince some fools in the city to provide millions of taxpayers' money the project improves the probability of success). Entertainment is NOT a high sale per square feet generator and not have to be Einstein to understand that if your development costs are high, your income must be in the same league. In general, entertainment retailers can not afford high rents and that is where the problem lies. I also believe that industry is getting into trouble with many of the high-end mixed-use projects, especially home builders in the promotion of a cooling market housing. (For some reason can not justify spending $ 500,000 for an apartment located in a retail / office complex. Do not want to live where I can buy). One current problems of the industry is that the money is so easy to raise today, developers who sign non-recourse mortgages are willing to try any idea that might work (not his money, who cares because it receives the lease, development and management costs no matter what).
Changing subjects ... friends do not let friends buy centers of 5% or 6% CAP rate. Even with slowing leasing activity, the market for acquisition centers is still hot (why is another question) and while I predict a slowdown in sales (or an increase in the rates of CAP in the future) a select few centers are selling 5% of the CAP of 5.5%. And CAP 6% to 6.5% are not uncommon. Yes, millions have been made over the last five years by "flippers" that holds a center from six to 12 months and then rolled (with no increase in income) for more millions than they acquired center of. But with a slowdown in leasing and rising interest rates, acquisition centers on the basis of these numbers, it makes no sense. Remember the boom the dot.com, who busted quickly. I think the same may be true for retail real estate. Property prices have gotten so bad that some sellers normally have chosen to make a 1031 exchange now opt to pay taxes instead of buying a Walgreens 5% of the CAP, and when you're willing to pay taxes on acquisition Real estate there is a problem.
Of course, the other end of the spectrum is not as rosy as I hear a lot of developers complain that the costs are getting so high that only 10% to 11% return on new development. High risk low pay. The reason only 10% is good because CAP is 6% on existing assets. Either way, the mall leasing will be beaten by thousands of buyers and brokers who want to know if you have a center for sale.
Oh, as I have said in recent MyWay, the amount of space available has been substantially reduced in previous years due to robust economy. But the amount of new construction, especially the lifestyle centers and urban renewal, is up (even we are involved in a new urban development in Chicago) significantly over the previous year (merchant developers to keep the economy moving if we need more schools or not) so I recommend that the mall on foot lease to see what the trends are, where they are occurring and that the anchors. It is a good education and provides ideas for your project.
On a different note, I had dinner with two friends the other day, who are directors of real estate for business development. That's where their similarities end. One complained that although his company has more than 12 million square feet of retail, not given the support of the company executives; watching lease as an expense, not the main revenue generator for the company. Each time the proposed mass mailings, advertising, e-mail blasts or go to dealmaking shows local, the lower the cost and its belief that "marketing does not work. The other company has its own mail to all current tenants, in addition to their company database (which greatly promote the runners) and email use outside closer to the "ma & pas", sends thousands of e-mail blasts to promote vacancies and will be almost as many local shows as I dealmaking. His company has more than 20 million square feet with a vacancy factor 4%. The other company is at 6% and a vacancy factor of 7% consistently. What company would you rather be? Oh, the "smart" society looks vacancies as a cost, "and the longer the vacant higher the cost, so you're willing to make deals girlfriend for a long vacant property time while the "other" company says "this is our income is paid or not in our center."
Have a great show and productive.
PS Do not forget to stop by the RD / TKO / KIN stand at 667 Sixth Avenue on Monday after 4 pm for our annual Beer Blast. Booze, fun and friends, what more could you want? Oh, I forgot, gout, and I present my son Josh, who is entering the industry.
It's amazing how easy it is to forget about the middle school years. Do you remember your crazy middle school years? Middle school students are often caught in the middle while we focus on preparing high school students for college. There needs to be national attention focused on the middle school years to prepare them for the career challenges that face this country. I have noticed that even those who write books focus their efforts on elementary and high school students and leave middle school students out. If you ever attend a national book fair there are limited creative efforts to excite middle school students to read. Any parent who is raising a middle school student can tell you that they are in a different transition in their lives. Communicating with middle school students can be challenging if you are unwilling to admit that you are not perfect. Middle school students need parents and teachers who will let them know that they care.
There should be a national effort to help middle school students to explore all types of careers. The rapid changes technology careers that are happening around the world are still far away from the minds of middle school students in this country. Now is the time to make them a part of the green revolution in solar and wind energy. It would be great to see how these students could envision their future with solar powered cars and wind technology that reduces the cost of energy in each home. Some of the most innovative students are wasting away in middle school because they continue to be taught by traditional methods. Maybe every middle school class should be full of green experiments that allow the students to find themselves and to make a mark on society using their creative ideas.
So who should care about middle school students? Everyone should care including parents, corporations, our government, teachers and counselors. We all have an investment in making middle school more interesting. Students should have laptop computers and graphing calculators as a standard resource for learning. We need to demonstrate how we value the learning capacity of every student by giving them innovative projects. Why not let the middle school students create a city wide effort to save their city money. You would then witness how much creativity an influence they can have when they think about the future of their own city. We need to spend more time helping middle school students to believe that they are part of the solution.
There are thousands of middle schools teachers who need help too. The complexity of the 21st century middle school student can be challenging. Students who would rather text message than talk to each other makes for a different world. Middle school students
are multi-tasking just like high school students. They are talking on their cell phone, sending messages on their computer, talking to their friends and doing homework at the same time. It has made middle school an interesting place to try to keep students focused on learning. Middle school students have become accustomed to a fast paced day. It's time to fill their lives with experiences that makes middle school a place to run too not from. Let's take the middle school years as a tremendous opportunity to help students to encounter a whole new journey to their future.
About the Author
For twenty-six years, Dr. Jones has delivered presentations on numerous topics including how to study, leadership, effective communication, and innovative management practices. He is the author of two books one is titled “Seven Secrets of How to Study” and the second is the “Parent’s Ultimate Education Guide.” The book provides an easy understanding of the seven pillars that are essential to learning effective study techniques. His URL is www.sevenbooks.net.
Activities That Assist Your Child in Learning and Reading
Copyright (c) 2009 Jose Rocha
Starting with online home schooling resources, moms and dads who desire to teach their kindergarten and preschool age children the fundamentals of learning can do so by utilizing tried and true activities that are geared towards shaping young minds.
Cultivate Interest by Reading to Your Child
As adults we take many aspects of reading and writing for granted. We might not even remember the steps taken to get to the point we are today. Odds are all of us learned how to read by someone reading us.
Indeed, reading stories to your child is a great way to get them interested in books, letters and writing. Of course, books geared towards child learning development like those centered around the alphabet or numbers are key. With that thought, capture the imagination of nursery school children and toddlers by using fun books focused on nursery rhymes and fairytales. Remember, if you can?t get them engaged in educational concepts, you won?t have a lot of success teaching them to read.
Sight Word Flash Activities
Sight word association is one tool that can help a youngster learn to read fairly quickly. This is often implemented via the use of flash cards. You may wish to make use of cards with pictures on them or just the words themselves, depending on the age of the kid. Since children are exceedingly visual creatures, it is always best to begin with illustrations using flashcards.
Once they appear to understand that the image and the word are associated, switch to plain word cards. This will help them understand what the focus is, which is the words themselves, not the pictures. You recognize your kid has real learning potential, initiate reading and writing concepts as fast or as little by little as you see necessary.
Factoring Phonics into the Equation
When you sing, read, engage in rhyming games or even talk to your child, you are actually exposing them to skills that aid them once they start learning to read. The phonics or auditory aspects of reading is one of the most important parts of teaching this kind of skill.
You can read to children even before the can speak, which will expand their vocabularies and make them more receptive to phonics games in the future. In fact, most kids, when they are introduced to the phonic aspects of reading as babies, will comprehend language and instructions even if they themselves cannot tell you they understand.
The three activities listed above are but the building blocks of teaching your child how to read and subsequently how to write. You will be able to add more comprehensive studies as your child?s knowledge expands. Above all, try to make learning fun and adopt an attitude that the potential to teach your child something new and exciting exists even outside of a home school class room. Life is a very good instructor as well, so when an opportunity arises to teach new concepts and ideas while out and about, utilize it. Your child will be reading in no time, if you adopt a patient approach to the aforementioned paradigms.
About the Author
Offer proper education because learning is a very important to a child's development. Your child's development is important and here at child font: http://www.childfont.com
How to Get Your Child Ready for Kindergarten : The Alphabet & Kindergarten Readiness
Elementary School Career Education - The Need, Basics, Examples, and Guidelines
According Ediger (2000), elementary school career education is important. Ediger stated that "the elementary school years are not too early to begin to achieve a vision of what one desires to do in life contributing to the world of work". Without career education, students have unrealistic perceptions of careers due to a lack of knowledge and poor decision making. Students have limited knowledge and exposure to careers. (2,3) When students look at the different industries e.g. sports, media and entertainment, most students underestimate the skills and time required to have successful careers. (3)
The Basics for Elementary School Career Education Programs
In career awareness programs, students do not make premature career choices. Elementary school career education is not career exploration or career preparation. Elementary students remain open to new career ideas and possibilities. (7,8,13,15) Elementary students build awareness of self, personal interactions, school, and the workforce. (2,15) Elementary school counselors and teachers build self-awareness, family awareness, school awareness, community awareness, career/ work awareness, attitude development, skill development, decision making strategies, and self-worth. (2,4,11)
Career awareness programs use age appropriate materials that match the developmental levels of the students. Age appropriate activities expose students to a variety of different jobs, career information sources, and the reasons why people work. Programs also incorporate academic career pathways into classroom activities. According to CareerTec (2000), the preliminary career education skills serve as foundations for future skills. As the students progress, previous skills are reinforced, developed, and expanded. (2,4,11)
As elementary students get older, the students modify career visions and goals. After completing an elementary school career awareness program, students have higher grades, higher academic achievement, improved school involvement, as well as an increase in career awareness exploration, personal, and interpersonal skills. (1,15) In addition, the students complete more complex courses and have a higher graduation rate from high school. (9)
In summary, in career programs, students:
Learn and apply the academic material
Know and value self
Build self-esteem and confidence
Identify interests and build relationships between the school environment and the work force
Build academic, communication, problem solving, and social skills
Increase awareness of the need for future jobs skills
See the connections between learning in school, academic skills, job related skills, and careers
See career possibilities
See themselves as a future contributor to the job force
Receive empowerment
Build self-determination (2,7,9)
Examples of Elementary School Career Education Resources
Career awareness programs widely use tools are the Individual Career Plan (ICP) and the Individual Career Develop Portfolio. According to the Ohio State Department of Education (2000), Individual Career Plans (ICP) are essential for the development of self-awareness, employability skills, decision making and goal setting, community involvement, economics, and the reduction of bias. Students use the Individual Career Plans as they identify and explore initial career goals and educational plans. Elementary students use Individual Career Plan (ICP) to develop skills and to prepare to make future educational and career decisions. (12)
Another important tool is the Individual Career Develop Portfolio. Individual Career Develop Portfolios are collections of the career awareness activities and experiences that have occurred during the school year. (12) Other elementary school career awareness activities include:
Artistic displays
Career Days
Career Fairs
Career research
Career videos
Collages, murals
Community speakers
Educational games
Family group discussions
Field trips
Information interviewing
Job shadowing
Library book report
Mentors
Poetry
Phonics
Pictured dictionary
Puppets
Role playing
Scrapbook
Story reading
Student group discussions
Word search and comprehension activities (8,9,11,12,16)
Elementary school programs help students build connections between academics and real life situations. (9) Teachers and counselors use career education principles to stress the importance of language arts, mathematics, social studies, and science. Language arts have many uses in the workplace: Reading, writing, and listening skills. The uses for Mathematics include: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division skills to solve problems. In Social Studies, students gain understanding about other countries, languages, cultures, and the aspects of living in a global marketplace. Students learn the importance of Science having skills to solve problems as well as understanding how science is involved in different industries, such as food, media, agricultural, and automotive industries. (8)
Guidelines for Elementary Education Career Resources - National Career Development Guidelines
The NCDG Guidelines is a career knowledge, skills, and decision-making framework. The NCDG framework has three domains, goals, and indicators. Teachers and counselors use the domains, goals, and indicators as guidelines to design and create career resources. The three domains are: Personal Social Development (PS), Educational Achievement and Lifelong Learning (ED), and Career Management (CM). Each domain represents a developmental area in a career education program. Under each domain are goals or competencies. Under each goal, indicators highlight the knowledge and skills needed to achieve the goal. The National Career Development Guidelines (NCDG) is the foundation for career education products, research development, tests and tools. (14)
Summary
Elementary school career education programs build self-awareness, family awareness, school awareness, community awareness, career/ work awareness, attitude development, skill development, decision making strategies, and self-worth. Elementary school career awareness programs use age appropriate materials that match the developmental levels of the students. As a results of career education, schools reported that students had higher grades and academic achievement, improvement in school involvement and performance, as well as an increase in career awareness exploration, personal, and interpersonal skills. Career awareness activities include Individual Career Plan (ICP), Individual Career Develop Portfolio (ICDP), Career Days, Career Fairs, Field trips, information interviewing, and library book report.
References
1. American Counseling Association, Office of Public Policy and Legislation. (2007). Effectiveness of School Counseling. Alexandria, VA: Author.
2. Angel, N. Faye; Mooney, Marianne. (1996, December). Work-in-Progress: Career and Work Education for Elementary Students. (ED404516). Cincinnati, OH: Paper presented at the American Vocational Association Convention.
3. Benning, Cathleen; Bergt, Richard; Sausaman, Pamela. (2003, May). Improving Student Awareness of Careers through a Variety of Strategies. Thesis: Action Research Project. (ED481018). Chicago, Illinois: Saint Xavier University.
4. Career Tec. (2000). K-12 Career Awareness & Development Sequence [with Appendices, Executive and Implementation Guide]. (ED450219) .Springfield, Il: Author.
5. Carey, John. (2003, January). What are the Expected Benefits Associated with Implementing a Comprehensive Guidance Program. School counseling Research Brief 1.1. Amherst, MA: Fredrickson Center for School Counseling Outcome Research.
6. Dare, Donna E.; Maddy-Bernstein, Carolyn. (1999, September). Career Guidance Resource Guide for Elementary and Middle/Junior High School Educators. (ED434216). Berkeley, CA: National Center for Research in Vocational Education.
7. DuVall, Patricia. (1995).Let's Get Serious about Career Education for Elementary Students. AACE Bonus Briefs. (ED386603). Hermosa Beach, CA: AACE Bonus Briefs.
8. Ediger, Marlow. (2000, July). Vocational Education in the Elementary School. (ED442979) Opinion Papers
9. Gerver, Miriam, Shanley, Judy, O Cummings, Mindee. (2/14/02). Answering the Question EMSTAC Extra Elementary and Middle Schools. Washington, DC: Technical Assistance Center, (EMSTAC).
10. Hurley, Dan, Ed.; Thorp, Jim, Ed. (2002, May). Decisions without Direction: Career Guidance and Decision-Making among American Youth. (ED465895). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Ferris State University Career Institute for Education and Workforce Development.
11. Maddy-Bernstein, Carolyn; Dare, Donna E. (1997,December).Career Guidance for Elementary and Middle School Students. Office of Student Services Brief, v9 n1. (ED415353). Berkeley, CA: National Center for Research in Vocational Education.
12. Ohio Department of Education, Division of Vocational and Career Education, Ohio Career Development Blueprint, Individual Career Plan, K to 5 (ED449322). Columbus, Ohio, 2000
13. Splete, Howard; Stewart, Amy. (1990). Competency-Based Career Development Strategies and the National Career Development Guidelines. Information Series No. 345. (ED327739). Columbus, Ohio: ERIC Clearinghouse on Education and Training for Employment & Ohio State University
14. U.S. Department of Education Office of Vocational and Adult Education. (1994, 2004). National Career Development Guidelines (NCDG). Washington, DC: Author.
15. Williams, Jean A., Ed. (1999, January). Elementary Career Awareness Guide: A Resource for Elementary School Counselors and Teachers. (ED445293). Raleigh, NC: NC Department of Public Instruction, NC Job Ready.
16. Woal, S. Theodore. (1995). Career Education--The Early Years. AACE Bonus Briefs. (ED386603). Hermosa Beach, CA: AACE Bonus Briefs.
About the Author
Dr Mary Askew specializes in career tests, websites, and books for students. Get information about elementary school career education at http://www.hollandcodes.com. Contact Dr. Askew at learning4life@qwest.net.
Nonfiction Book Marketing: Do Not Put the Cart Before the Horse
Before an aspiring nonfiction book author submits a nonfiction book proposal, he or she has numerous opportunities for book marketing on the internet.
The typical advice for someone about to write a nonfiction book proposal is that the person must first have a platform - which basically means a huge following (such as host of a national tv show) or a huge mailing list (perhaps amassed from years of doing business). The reason for this is that publishers want to know there's already a built-in fan base of people presumably eager to buy the potential author's book.
And for someone who doesn't have this huge following or huge mailing list - it's too bad but agents and publishers probably won't be interested in that person's nonfiction book proposal.
In the past it could take years to "grow" a following. Perhaps, for example, starting off with an advice column in your local newspaper, then working up to an advice column syndicated to a few newspapers, and finally achieving a national syndicated column.
Or you could start off as a talk show host on your local station, work up to a talk show on a few local stations, and finally achieve a national talk show.
The good news is that the internet has changed everything. In fact, the internet has completely eliminated most barriers to entry.
Thus today there's no reason to put the cart before the horse. Don't write that nonfiction book proposal until you have established a solid online reputation. Why ask to be rejected when you can position yourself as a writer to whom agents and publishers should want to say yes?
If you have an expertise - let's say you're a relationship expert with a unique spin - and you want to write a book about your relationship advice, here are some of the internet opportunities you can use to get your own platform BEFORE you write that proposal:
- Start a blog that focuses on relationship advice.
- Leave insightful comments with the URL to your blog on other relationship blogs.
- Write guest posts for other people's blogs.
- Start a BlogTalkRadio show giving your relationship advice and interviewing people who need your advice.
- Join Facebook and start a Facebook group for relationship advice.
- Join Twitter and tweet about your BlogTalkRadio shows.
- Join LinkedIn and start a relationship advice group there.
- Join other social networking sites offering opportunities for demonstrating your relationship advice.
- Launch a website with a terrific free offer in exchange for people giving you their email addresses.
- Post brief videos on YouTube and other video sites of you giving relationship advice.
- Make podcasts about relationship advice and have the podcasts downloadable from your website.
- Write reports or e-books about specific areas of relationship advice and distribute these for free or for a fee from your website.
- Offer your reports or e-books to others to use for premiums for their projects.
- Do free or fee question-and-answer teleseminars. - Write relationship articles and post on free article sites such as ezinearticles.com.
- Write press releases about your teleseminars and post on internet press release sites.
Does this take work? Yes, it does. And will you do all of these? Probably not. But if you start doing some of these activities as a preamble for writing a nonfiction book proposal, you will be much better positioned to convince a book agent and/or a book publisher that you have the required platform to sell your book.
And the added benefit of doing all this work first? With all the advice you've dispensed on the web, your book will almost be totally written thanks to all the material you've already produced.
About the Author
Phyllis Zimbler Miller (@ZimblerMiller on Twitter) has an M.B.A. from The Wharton School and is an Internet business consultant. If you liked this article, you're going to love her free report on "The Top 3 Internet Marketing Elements" - claim your report now from www.QueensofBookMarketing.com
Nowadays we enjoy high standards of living, our jobs are regarding and well paid (if we compare with past generations) and new technologies like the Internet has come to give us even more opportunities of development. The Internet has open the doors to business to the average guys. This article explores just one of those opportunities: article writing as a freelancer.
There is a number of advantages attached to article writing which make it a good method to earn extra money. House-wives, college students can devote just a few hours to earn a good salary. Article writing for freelancers is basically writing about various topics, then those articles are published to the Internet and viewed by people who wish to get information on those subjects. This kind of outsourcing allows the writer to help website owners by offering its visitors information about their topics of interest. It is like newspaper articles in which international and national news is discussed and thereby help the reader to get an idea of what is going on. Articles can be on a number of different topics like health, business, sports, education, fashion, pets, etc.
You may be questioning who are the readers of these articles? The answer is simple. The readers of these articles may be any person who wishes to get quick information about a specific topic. Let us take an example, suppose you have good knowledge about the stock exchange market and you write an article about it. Any person who might not have information about stock exchanges but wishes to know about it may read your article and thereby understand the respective topic without having to read large books. The writer benefits from writing these articles because he gets paid for it, and the website owner benefits by offering quality content to his website visitors.
The website displaying these articles can recover the investment of writing those articles by displaying paid ads. Website owners are ready to pay good money to writers of high quality articles. Good articles attract more web traffic which gives companies the opportunity to display their products to more potential customers. Thus, as web traffic increases so will the website income through sales or paid advertisement. So finally all people involved in this process get a benefit: the writer, webmaster and website visitor.
Article writing can even help the writer to learn about various topics and thereby enhance his knowledge base. It can even be taken as a part time job for housewives and college students who wish to make some extra money. The major advantage attached to article writing is that it enables you to work in the leisure environment of you household and still earn a good salary. All such advantages have made this form of employment very popular, especially among college students. Certainly all these positive points make article writing worth it.
About the Author
Visit http://www.article-idea.com to get free content for your website, blog or ezine. Authors are welcome to submit their articles.
Essentially, right to left addition excludes vocabulary related to place value. Left to right addition, on the other hand, promotes an understanding of place value as each digit is given its correct value. When they are first learning it, they might try repeating sums as they go along (e.g. 1500, 1570, 1570, 1570, 1600, . . .) to help them retain the newest sums. In the next step, they add 8 + 4 + 1 to get 13; they write down the 3 and carry the 1 when they should be adding 80 + 40 + 10, writing the 3 in the tens place (i.e. 30) and carrying the hundred. Only one number had to be remembered at any point. In right to left addition, 4 + 8 is 12, so there are already two numbers to remember: the two in the ones place and the regrouped ten. The next step is to add 60 + 80 + 10 to get 150. At this point, the two must be recalled and added to the 150 to get 152.
As you move from left to right, you keep a cumulative total, so it is simply a number of smaller addition problems. To give you an idea of how it works and what it sounds like, consider the example, 677 + 938.
Begin by adding the left most place values. In the example this is 600 plus 900 equals 1500. Add the values in the next place, one at a time, to the previous sum, and keep track of the new sum each time. In the example, 1500 + 70 is 1570, 1570 + 30 is 1600. For students who are more proficient at this algorithm, they don't necessarily think "plus 70" or "add 30." This works well on paper, and it is the most efficient paper and pencil method; however, adding in the other direction has several desirable advantages: the left to right method promotes a better understanding of place value, it can be done mentally with much greater ease, and it does not require that numbers be lined up in a column. Their thought process, if said out loud might sound like, "600, 1500, 1570, 1600, . . ." Continue adding the values in each subsequent place until finished. The final steps in the example are 1600 + 7 is 1607, 1607 plus 8 is 1615. The sum is 1615.
As you can imagine, students need to be proficient at single digit addition and have an understanding of place value before attempting left to right addition. Students can learn left to right addition, so they have another method to choose from when presented with addition problems.
Left to right addition involves adding the largest place values first. They might also cross out digits as they are adding. There is no rule about having to add in this way mentally. Students could write down the sums as they proceed.
Left to right addition promotes a better understanding of place value than right to left addition. In right to left addition, single digits are carried or regrouped with little emphasis placed on what the value of those carried digits are. In the example, 1246 + 586, students add 6 + 6 to get 12; they write down the 2 and carry the 1 when they should be carrying the ten. They might, for instance, add a digit in the tens place to a digit in the hundreds place. Another scenario is a sloppy recording of numbers where a digit is mistakenly added to the wrong column. In left to right addition, the emphasis is on finding a certain place value in each number rather than relying on the place values being aligned. Students, of course, need to be able to recognize place value before they can be successful at this method. For instance, they should be able to recognize that the ones in the numbers: 514, 1499, and 321 are in the tens, thousands, and ones places respectively. If they can't, further teaching on place value is required before addition can be taught effectively.
Although left to right addition has several advantages, it isn't suggested that you scrap everything else. Learning a wide variety of addition methods allows you latitude in problem solving situations. By teaching students this method, you give them another option when they are tackling addition questions. In the example, the one in the thousands place is one thousand, the two in the hundreds place is two hundred, and so on.
Left to right addition is well-suited to mental addition since the sum is cumulative with no steps in between; in other words, there is nothing for the student to keep in mind except for the cumulative sum. In right to left addition, several numbers must be remembered as the student proceeds. To illustrate this, consider the simple example, 64 + 88. In left to right addition, the sum is simple to find: 60, 140, 144, 152.Although this sounds simple, it becomes more complicated with more digits.
More than likely, when you learned how to add, you started on the right and moved to the left. If you were adding whole numbers, you added the ones, "carried" if necessary, and repeated for the tens, hundreds and so on.
Right to left addition does not require numbers to be lined up in a column, but it is often taught that way because the method tends to ignore place value and relies on a student's ability to line up the place values to compensate. Many errors that students make in right to left addition occur because they don't have a strong knowledge of place value, and they forget or don't realize that like place values need to be lined up. About the Author
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